文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：刑事涉案加密货币处置的现实困境及其纾解

英文题名：The Practical Dilemmas in Handling Cryptocurrency in Criminal Cases and Their Resolution

作者：李雪健[1]

机构：[1]华东理工大学法学院

年份：2026

卷号：11

期号：1

起止页码：93

中文期刊名：地方立法研究

外文期刊名：Local Legislation Journal

基金：2025年最高人民检察院检察理论研究课题“刑事涉案虚拟货币处置规范化研究”(GJ2025B38)的阶段性研究成果。

语种：中文

中文关键词：加密货币;涉案财物处置;网络虚拟财产;第三方机构

外文关键词：cryptocurrency;disposition of assets involved in cases;virtual property;third-party institutions

摘要：作为一种去中心化的技术实践,加密货币在存在形态方面同传统财物存在显著差异。在加密货币的财产属性已被证成与承认的前提下,如何处置加密货币成为司法机关办理涉加密货币案件的关键问题。当前,司法机关对加密货币的处置缺乏统一规范指引。尽管各地方在探索中已初步形成处置方案,但该方案仍存在诸多现实困境。刑事涉案加密货币处置的现实困境在强制处分方面表现为溯源手段无力应对再匿名技术、扣押手段强制力不足、保管手段无法满足涉案财物管理基本要求,在先行处置启动方面表现为权利人自愿性不足以及处置对象与时机选择困难,在委托变现过程中表现为第三方机构资质审查标准泛化、处置信息不对称、衍生金融与外汇风险等问题。为此,应当在既有加密货币监管政策下,以解释论来肯认加密货币及第三方机构处置加密货币的正当性,通过涉案加密货币处置的技术升级与规则创新,保障与细化加密货币先行处置的启动条件,构建第三方机构的审查与监督机制,以提升司法机关的处置和监管能力,最终形成一套行之有效的涉案加密货币处置制度体系。
As a decentralized technological practice,cryptocurrency exhibits significant differences from traditional assets in its form of existence.Given that the property attributes of cryptocurrency have been established and recognized,how to handle cryptocurrency has become a key issue for judicial authorities in handling cases involving cryptocurrency.Currently,judicial authorities lack unified normative guidance on the disposition of cryptocurrency.Although local jurisdictions have developed preliminary disposal protocols through exploratory efforts,these approaches face numerous practical challenges.The practical difficulties in disposing of cryptocurrency involved in criminal cases manifest as follows:in compulsory disposition,enforcement measures prove inadequate against re-anonymization technologies,seizure procedures lack sufficient coercive force,and custodial arrangements fail to meet basic requirements for managing seized assets.Regarding preliminary disposition initiation,stakeholders exhibit insufficient voluntary cooperation,and selecting appropriate disposal targets and timing remains challenging.and in the entrusted liquidation process,they manifest as generalized qualification review standards for third-party institutions,information asymmetry in disposal,and derivative financial and foreign exchange risks.Therefore,within the existing cryptocurrency regulatory framework,the legitimacy of cryptocurrency and third-party institutions handling cryptocurrency should be affirmed through interpretive approaches.By upgrading disposal technologies and innovating rules for seized cryptocurrency,the conditions for initiating preliminary disposal should be safeguarded and refined.A review and oversight mechanism for third-party institutions should be established,enhancing judicial authorities'disposal and regulatory capabilities.Ultimately,this will form an effective institutional system for handling seized cryptocurrency.