文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：太空安全的“公地悲剧”及其对策

英文题名：On "the Tragedy of Commons" of Space Security and Its Countermeasures

作者：程群[1]

机构：[1]华东理工大学人文科学院

年份：2009

期号：12

起止页码：12

中文期刊名：社会科学

外文期刊名：Journal of Social Sciences

收录：国家哲学社会科学学术期刊数据库;北大核心:【北大核心2008】；社科基金资助期刊;CSSCI:【CSSCI2008_2009】；

基金：上海市哲学社会科学规划项目"太空安全问题与中国对策研究"(项目批准号:2009GBJ003)的阶段性成果

语种：中文

中文关键词：太空安全;公地悲剧;太空武器化;太空碎片;轨道拥挤

外文关键词：Space security;Tragedy of Commons;Space weaponization;Space debris;Crowded orbit

摘要：太空的重要性不言而喻,越来越多的国家进入太空。但是太空越来越遭受到哈丁所说的"公地悲剧"的危险。越来越多的"牧羊人"(行为体)在太空公地上放牧更多的"羊群"(功能各异的航天器),导致"草地"退化,即太空轨道越来越拥挤,卫星有可能相互碰撞;卫星频率变得稀缺;太空碎片越来越增加了撞击航天器的几率。为获得最大收益,美国还增加武装的"羊群",即采取太空武器化政策,进一步导致太空安全环境的恶化,影响着人类持续利用太空。在目前无法签署禁止太空武器化条约的前提下,解决太空安全的公地悲剧的途径,似乎只有曼瑟尔.奥尔森提出的小集团提供公共物品的方式。目前,有三种小集团方式可提供太空安全:欧洲集体太空安全;中国发起的亚太空间合作组织;中国与欧洲、俄罗斯开展太空合作,迫使美国在太空安全问题上采取合作态度。
With more and more countries exploring the space,there appears the danger of 'the tragedy of Commons',which was advanced by G.Hardin.Many actors are grazing more and more spacecrafts and space orbits are more crowded,which makes spacecrafts collide with each other and the satellites' frequencies become scarce.Space debris is increasing,and leads to the probability of spacecrafts being dashed by space debris.Given that there is no new agreed space treaty,the way to resolve 'the tragedy of Commons' of space security may be the public goods supported by the small-collective ways which is advanced by Mancur Lloyd Olson,Jr.The paper argues that there are three small-collective which provide space security.The first is European collective space security,the second is Asian-pacific Space Cooperation Organization which is initiated by China.The final is the space cooperation among China,Europe and Russia to compel the US to cooperate to deal with space security.