文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：何以为家?独子老人的代际关系、养老观念与养老安排

英文题名：Where to Be Home?the Intergenerational Relations,Elderly Support Conceptions and Living Arrangement of the Elderly Parents in Only-child Families

作者：黄叶青[1];王凯哲[1];蒋一晨[1];张雅琪[1]

机构：[1]华东理工大学社会学系,上海200237

年份：2022

期号：1

起止页码：63

中文期刊名：社会工作

外文期刊名：Journal of Social Work

收录：国家哲学社会科学学术期刊数据库

语种：中文

中文关键词：独生子女;代际关系;养老安排

摘要：本文在老龄化、少子化社会背景下,通过分析2016年中国老年社会追踪调查数据,从代际关系、文化观念和个人因素三个角度分析独子老人养老安排及其影响因素,讨论独子老人面对的养老问题。研究发现独子老人及其子女的经济状况、独子老人的养老观念对养老安排具有显著直接影响。尽管代际关系不是养老安排的直接影响因素,但代际关系中的情感亲近程度以及经济支持的流向会通过影响养老观念这一中介变量进而影响独子老人的养老安排。本文呼吁关注独生子女父母的养老问题,并提出相关政策建议。
The family planning policy implemented by China since the 1970s,especially the one-child policy,has rapidly reduced China’s fertility rate and population growth rate in about 40 years.But it has also created a large number of only-child families.Today,the parents of the first only-child generation have already entered the old age,and in the next 10-30 years,there will be more only-child elderly parents in Chinese society.Although the Chinese government has adjusted its fertility policy in recent years,these adjustments will not have an immediate effect on the population and family structure.The willingness of women of childbearing age in China to have children remains at a relatively low level,so there will be a large number of one-child families in the future.On the other hand,it cannot solve the existing one-child family’s old-age care problem,and may even make the“4-2-1”family structure change to“4-2-2”or“4-2-3”,which can bring greater elderly caring pressure to the society.These social contexts and public issues call for the attention of the academia and us on this question:how will the only-child elderly parents arrange and plan their old life?From the cultural perspective,the traditional Chinese concept of old-age care is that children support their parents in their old age,which usually means living with their parents and providing care.But with the transformation of society,the cultural concept is also changing.The concept of“independent elderly care”has gradually entered the field of vision of the elderly and may affect their living and care arrangements.Intergenerational relationships may also affect the elderly’s care arrangements.Especially for the elderly with only one child,their dependence on a single child is stronger,and the influence of intergenerational relationships may be more prominent.At the same time,it needs to be pointed out that the intergenerational relationship is very complicated,so it needs to be analyzed and discussed from multiple dimensions and directions.The theory of individualization put forward by Ulrich Beck also fits well with the old-age care problem of only-child elderly.With the breakdown of traditional social norms,the elderly are forced to face the risks of caring and have to make choices,which may be strongly related to their personal situa‐tion and their family conditions.In the context of aging and only-child society,this paper uses the data of the China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey in 2016 to analyze the living arrangements and influencing factors of the elderly with only child from the perspectives of intergenerational relations,cultural concepts and individualization.It uses logistic regression to model and find that the individual factors have significant impact on only-child elderly parents’living arrangements.Among these factors,both the parents’personal situation and their family conditions counts in the models.The intergenerational relationship and cultural concepts also have a significant impact on the only-child elderly’s living arrangement in some degree.And compared with the two,the cultural concepts have a stronger influence and the influence of intergenerational relations is weaker.It also points out that the two-way,specific-dimensional intergenerational relationship factors show greater significance than the general intergenerational affective relationship factors that are commonly evaluated by the elderly and commonly used in existing studies.The paper also further explored the moderating effect and the mediating effect,and found that:some intergenerational relationship factors will affect the effect of the caring concept of one-child elderly and play a moderating effect,but on the whole,its significance is weaker than the direct influence;and the cultural concepts has an intermediary role between intergenerational relationship and living arrangements of those only-child elderly parents,and intergenerational relationships will affect their cultural concept and thus affect their living arrangements.It also connects the empirical analysis with the social reality to analyse and discuss the care and pension problems the only-child elderly parents are facing,and made suggestions to respond to social needs.The government need to increase economic and policy support and formulate relevant specifications to promote the healthy and orderly development of the elderly care service industry continuously.In order to improve the professionalization level of elderly care institutions,develop community elderly care and sink elderly care services to the community to improve the community’s ability to provide elderly care services,which calls for the participation of high-level social work agencies and professional social workers.Increaseing the direct assistance to the elderly,especially the elderly who have only children and the elderly who have lost their only child,meeting their economic needs and improve the quality of life.Also,we need to improve the policies related to the elderly migration and family migration to facilitate the life of the floating elderly.And from the cultural perspective,it needs to promote the concept of“independent elderly care”and encourage traditional Xiao culture at the same time.