文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：积极性关系实践:社会工作者情感劳动过程与形塑机制研究

英文题名：Positive Relational Practice:A Study on the Emotional Labor Process and Shaping Mechanism of Social Workers

作者：王亚荣[1];费梅苹[1]

机构：[1]华东理工大学社会工作系,上海200237

年份：2023

期号：4

起止页码：77

中文期刊名：社会工作

外文期刊名：Journal of Social Work

收录：国家哲学社会科学学术期刊数据库;CSSCI:【CSSCI_E2023_2024】；

基金：国家社科基金项目“中国社会工作本土化理论与实践模式研究”(项目编号:18BSH153)的阶段性研究成果。

语种：中文

中文关键词：情感劳动;积极体验;关系;反思

摘要：社会工作助人实践是蕴含着丰富情感要素的情感劳动。目前关于社会工作者情感劳动研究主要聚焦于情感劳动负面影响的衍生发现,较少探讨社会工作者情感劳动的积极体验。本文以S市戒毒康复同伴教育项目为例,探究社会工作者如何在助人实践过程中获得积极的情感劳动体验。研究发现,在助人实践的关系互动中,社会工作者通过深层扮演、真实地展现自我以及唤醒高度的情感能量等应对策略,能够带来积极的劳动体验。事实上,三种应对策略是在关系互动中,社会工作者对实践情境、实践过程、实践成效进行的自觉反思,以此形成适当的专业边界、真诚的助人实践以及共享的实践情境,作为情感调适的关键要素,构建以关系性反思为核心的积极情感体验机制,在社会工作者与服务对象双向互动过程中,不断对行动做反思从而获得积极劳动体验。
The emotional labor of social workers involves the adept expression of emotions under professional support and guidance to facilitate problem-solving.The emotional labor of social workers elements,such as,sincerity,equality,active listening,empathetic,support,and encouragement.These elements permeate the entire process of assisting,with distinct emotional emphases at different stages.However,existing research on emotional labor,particularly within the domain of social work,predominantly centers on the discovery of negative consequences,and research on emotional labor in social work is limited.This study takes the case of the Peer Education Program for Drug Rehabilitation in City S as an illustrative example,delving into the intricate process of emotional labor among Chinese social workers and elucidating the mechanisms shaping positive labor experiences within the context of micro-level practice.The study addresses two main inquiries:(1)How do social workers navigate the process of emotional labor while interacting with clients,and what constitutes positive labor experiences within this process?(2)What mechanisms contribute to the emergence of positive labor experiences for social workers?The research framework is grounded in the perspective of positive labor experiences within emotional labor theory,along with the key dynamics of social workers and clients interaction.And this framework delineates the emotional labor process of social workers within the micro-level practice context.There are three essential aspects:(1)In the process of establishing the relationship between social workers and their clients,how to carry out emotional labor according to the requirements of social works’professional norms;(2)How do social workers maintain a good professional relationship with clients,while balancing the emotions of professional norms and natural emotions;and(3)How social workers engage in relational aiding through ritualized interactions with clients.By exploring emotional labor,the study further dissects the mechanisms that influence positive emotional experiences among social workers.The study is based on the Peer Education Program for Drug Rehabilitation in City S,involving in-depth interviews lasting 60~90 minutes with ten social workers.The interviews encompass topics such as basic information,the establishment of professional relationships,primary work duties,challenges faced during work,emotional investment in work,transformation of emotional experiences,and the management of work and personal time.Additionally,interviews were conducted with participating clients,focusing on their perceptions of social workers and their experiences within the program.Through an exploration of professional relationship establishment based on normative expectations,the maintenance of professional relationships within the framework of labor autonomy,and relational aiding practices through ritual interactions,the study uncovers how social workers employ strategies such as deep acting,genuine self-expression,and the harnessing of heightened emotional energy to facilitate positive labor experiences.Essentially,these strategies,including,namely deep acting,genuine self-expression,and heightened emotional energy,form the cornerstone of skillful emotional regulation.These strategies help social work to build a good professional relationship with its clients.And these strategies also provide a basis for constructing a positive listening experience mechanism.This mechanism is grounded in social workers’relational reflection,a process involving introspection regarding the delineation of practice boundaries,procedural sequences,and situational contexts during interactions with clients.This reflective process gradually culminates in cultivating positive emotional labor experiences,encompassing sentiments of professional accomplishment,identity validation,and personal gratification.These constructive emotional experiences are further enhanced through relational reflection,intensifying with the augmentation of professional knowledge,practical experience,and broader life exposure.The idea of relational reflection is consistent with Donald Sch?n’s concepts of knowing in action,reflecting in action,and reflecting on action.The emotional labor of social workers is the same as that of other professions.Through characterized by the strategies of deep acting and labor autonomy,social workers engender professional accomplishment,identity validation,and personal gratification in the process of helping others.This continual process of relational reflection generates positive labor experiences and heightens social workers’overall positive labor experiences.Furthermore,the study introduces the perspectives of the Collins Interaction Ritual Chain and applies the“self-help,mutual help,helping society”principle within the context of the peer education program.This sheds light on how shared presence,collaborative actions,and shared values can activate heightened emotional energy among social workers,consequently fostering positive labor experiences.In conclusion,this study extends the boundaries of research on positive emotional labor experiences among social workers,presenting a novel concept of relational reflection as a mechanism underlying these experiences.The study provides insights to enhance the positive emotional labor experiences of social workers and contributes to the development of positive emotional labor theory.It is important to underscore that while this study primarily delves into the micro-level domain of positive emotional labor experiences among social workers,comprehensive understanding necessitates broader perspectives encompassing mid-level and macro-level dynamics involving social workers,institutions,government bodies,and complex practice contexts.