文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：上下游交叉持股对供应链定价和质量决策的影响研究

英文题名：The impact of cross-shareholding on supply chain with pricing and quality decision

作者：吴一帆[1];温克寒[1];陶峰[1]

机构：[1]华东理工大学商学院,上海200237

年份：2025

卷号：39

期号：4

起止页码：203

中文期刊名：管理工程学报

外文期刊名：Journal of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management

收录：;北大核心:【北大核心2023】；

基金：国家自然科学基金项目(72471089、71872064)。

语种：中文

中文关键词：交叉持股;产品质量设计;成本共担契约;社会福利

外文关键词：Cross-shareholding;Product quality design;Cost-sharing contract;Social welfare

摘要：本文通过采用上游主导的Stackelberg博弈模型,研究了交叉持股机制对供应链中制造商与零售商的产品质量和价格决策以及供应链利润和社会福利的影响。研究表明,交叉持股在一定成本分担比例下相较未交叉持股时会提高产品的质量。当下游零售商分担上游制造商成本比例较小时,产品质量会随着上游持股量增加而提升,并且无论何时产品质量总是会随着下游企业持股量的增加而提升。制造商总是会根据交叉持股的比例设置最优的批发价格,当零售商持制造商股份比例增加时,制造商总是制定更高的批发价格来获取更多的利润,而当制造商持零售商股份比例增加时,制造商在一定情况下需要先降低批发价格以维持合作关系。处于跟随地位的下游企业设置的零售价格与批发价格呈大致相同的变动趋势。交叉持股在一定成本分担比例下也会提升企业与供应链利润。随着制造商持股比例的增加,其利润先减少后增加,而零售商的利润先增加后减少;当零售商持股比例增加时,其利润反而下降,而制造商的利润上升,这是因为零售商自身所创造的利润降低。此外,在一定持股比例下还可以提高消费者剩余和社会福利。消费者剩余随着制造商持股比例的增加先减少后增加,并总是随着零售商持股比例的增加而增加。社会福利总是随着制造商持股比例的增加而提升,但随着零售商持股比例的增加先提升后降低。
With the continuous improvement in consumer consumption levels and changes in consumption concepts,consumers are increasingly concerned about product quality rather than only considering price.Product quality is usually determined by manufacturers upstream in the supply chain.Under this circumstance,ways to improve product quality in the supply chain through different methods of cooperation to maximize the enterprise′s and supply chain′s profits have become the focus of decision makers′research.“Crossshareholding”,in which two or more companies hold a certain proportion of each other′s shares to improve their own or overall performance,is a relatively common form of strategic alliance.Cross-shareholding in the supply chain refers to a situation in which companies with up-and downstream supply chain relationships hold each other′s shares.Based on cross-shareholding′s positive supply chain impacts,studying whether this strategy will promote product quality improvement in the supply chain is of great practical significance.Most of the existing quality design literature discusses how enterprises′upstream and downstream contracts in the supply chain can improve product quality and affect the supply chain′s performance level.This article diverges from previous literature by adopting a general approach for discussing quality design,and-on the basis of previous research on the positive impact of cost-sharing contracts on the supply chain′s product quality design-explore how cross-shareholding will affect the supply chain members′decision-making behaviours on product quality,price,and supply chain performance.This article also discusses the impact of the shareholding ratio on consumer surplus and social welfare.This article assumes that a supply chain consists of an upstream manufacturer and a downstream retailer.The manufacturer determines a product′s quality and wholesale price,and then the retailer determines the product′s sale price and provides it to consumers.First,resorting to the consumer′s utility analysis,the consumer′s utility model regarding quality and price is proposed.Then,a cross-shareholding mechanism based on the traditional decentralized supply chain model of cost-sharing contracts was introduced.Based on the Stackelberg game model,the pricing strategy,product quality design,profit,consumer surplus,and social welfare of supply chain members when there is no shareholding or cross-shareholding are solved and compared.It also analyses the cross-shareholding ratio′s influence on the above-mentioned optimal decision-making and performance.The main conclusions are as follows:1)In the supply chain′s product quality design,cross-shareholding between companies will increase product quality compared to non-cross-shareholding.Product quality will always increase in tandem with downstream companies′shareholding,and when upstream shareholding is above a certain threshold,product quality will also increase.2)The impact of cross-shareholding on product wholesale and retail prices shows similar trends.Leading manufacturers always leverage being the first mover to set the optimal wholesale price under the current shareholding ratio,and can obtain more profit on the premise of maintaining a cooperative relationship with the retailer.Retailers can only follow the manufacturer′s decision to set retail prices to make up their own profits.3)Cross-shareholding benefits both the enterprise′s and supply chain′s economic performance.As the manufacturer′s profit first increases and then decreases with the growing proportion of its downstream shareholdings,when the upstream company holds the downstream company′s shares above a certain threshold,its profit is always better than when it does not hold shares.However,the retailer′s profit first increases and then decreases with the growth of upstream shareholding.Therefore,when the upstream shareholding is below a certain threshold or the retailer owns fewer upstream shares,the retailer′s profit is better than when it does not hold shares.4)Cross-shareholding helps improve consumer surplus and social welfare compared to no shareholding.Social welfare always increases after cross-shareholding with the growth in the proportion of the manufacturer′s shares in the retailer,and it first increases and then decreases with the increase in the proportion of the manufacturer′s shares held by the retailer.Furthermore,when the cost-sharing ratio is below a certain threshold,the cross-shareholding behaviour between enterprises will always increase the total societal welfare when compared to non-cross-shareholding situations.In summary,this article′s research results show that cross-shareholding can optimize product wholesale and retail prices,as well as improve optimal product quality,corporate profits,consumer surplus,and social welfare on the basis of cost-sharing contracts.