文献类型：期刊文献

英文题名：Synthesis of 1-hydroxy ethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic ammonium and the promise of this ammonium salt as an intumescent flame retardant in polystyrene

作者：Xia, Yin[1];Mao, Zongwen[1];Jin, Fangfang[1];Guan, Yong[1];Zheng, Anna[1]

机构：[1]E China Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Minist Educ, Shanghai Key Lab Adv Polymer Mat,Key Lab Ultrafin, Shanghai 200237, Peoples R China

年份：2014

卷号：102

期号：1

起止页码：186

外文期刊名：POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY

收录：;EI(收录号：20141517558970);WOS:【SCI-EXPANDED(收录号:WOS:000335113100024)】；

基金：The work was financially supported by Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project (B502) and Shanghai Key Laboratory Project (08DZ2230500).

语种：英文

外文关键词：Intumescent flame retardant; HEDP; Ammonium salts; Thermal stability; Polystyrene

摘要：In this work, a phosphorous-based water treatment chemical 1-hydroxy ethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP) was neutralized by aqueous ammonia, and its ammonium salts 1-hydroxy ethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic ammonium (HEDPA) was synthesized. The HEDPA solution was heated to 130 C to concentrate the solution and form crystals. The results of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and ion chromatography (IC) indicated that a new substance was produced via ammonization. The molecular structure of HEDPA was HEDP center dot 3.9NH(3), and the degree of ammonization was as high as 97.3%. The crystalline HEDPA was then mixed with pentaerythritol (PER) and melamine (MEL) to produce HEDPA-PER and the improved HEDPA-PER-MEL systems as the environmentally friendly intumescent flame retardants (IFR), providing flame retardancy into polystyrene (PS). The results of thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Pyrolysis GC-MS) both suggested that the thermal stability of HEDPA was far superior to that of HEDP. More TGA tests of HEDP-PER and HEDPA-PER system demonstrated that the HEDPA/PER system was more thermally stable and less corrosive. Compared with classical ammonium polyphosphate (APP)-PER system, the HEDPA-PER system exhibited better flame retardancy, compatibility in PS matrix and stronger synergistic effect with MEL, which was confirmed from varieties of tests, including limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning test (UL-94 flame rating), cone calorimeter test (CCT), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Digital photos. (c) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.