文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：再识社会工作专业关系:理论、实践与伦理的考量

英文题名：Rethinking the Professional Relationship in Social Work:Considerations of Theory,Practice,and Ethics

作者：黄锐[1];孙斐[2,3]

机构：[1]华东理工大学社会工作系,上海200237;[2]上海开放大学公共管理学院,上海200433;[3]上海东方社会工作事务所,上海200433

年份：2025

期号：1

起止页码：41

中文期刊名：社会工作

外文期刊名：Journal of Social Work

基金：国家社科基金一般项目“中国特色的发展型社会工作理论研究”(项目编号:21BSH131);上海开放大学硕士点培育研究专项“基于未保站建设与运营的社会工作督导场景模式研究”(项目编号:SP2406)。

语种：中文

中文关键词：社会工作;专业关系;理论;实践;伦理

摘要：专业关系被视为社会工作的灵魂与基石,但到底什么是专业关系一直以来似乎并不清楚。本文对社会工作专业关系的既有研究予以回顾,尤其是从理论、实践与伦理三个方面进行考察,进而尝试回应这一问题。研究发现,随着社会工作理论的演进,专业关系在指涉社会工作者与服务对象之间信任合作关系的同时,需要考量服务对象的日常生活系统以及更广泛层面的政治经济社会环境的影响。专业关系的社会工作实践从社会工作者与服务对象需要保持距离,逐渐发展为互惠的朋友式专业关系。社会工作专业关系越来越强调专业边界的动态性、联结性,关注社会工作者与服务对象的彼此关怀。社会工作专业关系以服务目标为导向,是一种动态合宜的朋友式专业关系,具有过程性、建构性与伦理性的特质。
Professional relationships are regarded as the soul and cornerstone of social work.Influenced by neoliberalism and new public managerialism,professional relationships no longer occupy a central place in social work.As Elizabeth Harlow points out,the managerial-technicist approach,a highly technical and performancedriven management culture,denies the emotional orientation of social work practice and the importance of relationships.In the 21st century,many scholars have called for the return of“relationships”to the center of social work and have advocated for relationship-based social work theory.However,what exactly constitutes a professional relationship is largely ignored in these discussions.This paper attempts to respond to this question by reviewing existing research on professional relationships in social work,particularly from the perspectives of theory,practice,and ethics.The authors find that with the evolution of social work theory,professional relationships,while referring to a trusting and cooperative relationship between social workers and service users,need to take into account the impact of the daily life system of service users as well as the political and economic social environment.The social work practice of professional relationships has evolved from maintaining distance to a reciprocal,friend-like professional relationship between social workers and service users.The social work professional relationship increasingly emphasizes the dynamic,connected nature of professional boundaries while focusing on the mutual care between social workers and service users.The social work professional relationship is oriented toward service goals and is a dynamic and appropriate friendlike professional relationship.Professional relationships are characterized as process-oriented,constructive,and ethical.From the process perspective,the professional relationship is embedded in the service process.While early social work research tended to suggest that the professional relationship was only part of the service process and was no longer necessary once the“intervention”had begun,a growing number of scholars have argued that the professional relationship should not be viewed as a prelude to social work intervention but rather as an integral part of the service delivery process through the key stages of case intake,intervention,and case closure.Of course,this relational process is not always smooth.However,it enhances the relational capacity of service users on the one hand and encourages social workers to become active agents of relationship-building on the other.From the constructive perspective,the professional relationship focuses on the achievement of service goals.Influenced by neoliberalism and new public managerialism,service goals are not only centered on responding to the needs of service users but must also take into account the requirements of purchasers and the expectations of local and other stakeholders.It is evident that professional relationships are not private but are influenced by historical processes and political and social factors.In this sense,they involve the construction of a composite service goal.This requires social workers to acquire professional competencies in integrating relationships,emotions,and practical knowledge,as well as critical reflection,empathy,professional use of self,and ethical and flexible service delivery,all while focusing on service goals.In terms of the ethical perspective of professional relationships,it emphasizes dynamic and appropriate professional boundaries and the ethics of care.A professional relationship is not a fixed entity but a process involving a series of complex procedures and interactions.In the process of interaction,the professional relationship is a limited and suitable relationship,maintaining a balance between a stranger and a friend in a given situation.This balance is linked to the elements of mutuality and reciprocity in the professional relationship and the importance of an ethic of care,provided,of course,that the principle of non-harm to clients and the legal bottom line are upheld,focusing on the safety of service users and assisting them in developing their capacity for self-determination.In addition to absorbing some of the nutrients from psychodynamic theory,relational psychoanalysis,humanism,and other theories,constructing relationship-based social work theory also needs to find theoretical resources from the systems perspective,processual sociology,relational sociology,relational constructivism,the ethics of care,and Chinese relational studies.In addition to focusing on service users and their daily life systems,social workers also need to be reflective and reflexive about the political and economic situation and actively establish and maintain a dynamic and appropriate friendship.Only in this way can we respond to the challenges of neoliberalism and new public managerialism.