文献类型：期刊文献

英文题名：An optimized ERP brain-computer interface based on facial expression changes

作者：Jin, Jing[1];Daly, Ian[2];Zhang, Yu[1];Wang, Xingyu[1];Cichocki, Andrzej[3]

机构：[1]E China Univ Sci & Technol, Minist Educ, Key Lab Adv Control & Optimizat Chem Proc, Shanghai 200237, Peoples R China;[2]Univ Reading, Sch Syst Engn, Brain Embodiment Lab, Reading, Berks, England;[3]RIKEN, Brain Sci Inst, Lab Adv Brain Signal Proc, Wako, Saitama, Japan

年份：2014

卷号：11

期号：3

外文期刊名：JOURNAL OF NEURAL ENGINEERING

收录：;EI(收录号：20142217768407);WOS:【SCI-EXPANDED(收录号:WOS:000336964700021)】；

基金：This work was supported in part by the Grant National Natural Science Foundation of China, under grant nos 61074113 and 61203127 and in part by Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project, Project Number: B504. This work was also supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (WH1114038 and WH1314023).

语种：英文

外文关键词：event-related potentials; brain-computer interface; facial expression change

摘要：Objective. Interferences from spatially adjacent non-target stimuli are known to evoke event-related potentials (ERPs) during non-target flashes and, therefore, lead to false positives. This phenomenon was commonly seen in visual attention-based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) using conspicuous stimuli and is known to adversely affect the performance of BCI systems. Although users try to focus on the target stimulus, they cannot help but be affected by conspicuous changes of the stimuli (such as flashes or presenting images) which were adjacent to the target stimulus. Furthermore, subjects have reported that conspicuous stimuli made them tired and annoyed. In view of this, the aim of this study was to reduce adjacent interference, annoyance and fatigue using a new stimulus presentation pattern based upon facial expression changes. Our goal was not to design a new pattern which could evoke larger ERPs than the face pattern, but to design a new pattern which could reduce adjacent interference, annoyance and fatigue, and evoke ERPs as good as those observed during the face pattern. Approach. Positive facial expressions could be changed to negative facial expressions by minor changes to the original facial image. Although the changes are minor, the contrast is big enough to evoke strong ERPs. In this paper, a facial expression change pattern between positive and negative facial expressions was used to attempt to minimize interference effects. This was compared against two different conditions, a shuffled pattern containing the same shapes and colours as the facial expression change pattern, but without the semantic content associated with a change in expression, and a face versus no face pattern. Comparisons were made in terms of classification accuracy and information transfer rate as well as user supplied subjective measures. Main results. The results showed that interferences from adjacent stimuli, annoyance and the fatigue experienced by the subjects could be reduced significantly (p < 0.05) by using the facial expression change patterns in comparison with the face pattern. The offline results show that the classification accuracy of the facial expression change pattern was significantly better than that of the shuffled pattern (p < 0.05) and the face pattern (p < 0.05). Significance. The facial expression change pattern presented in this paper reduced interference from adjacent stimuli and decreased the fatigue and annoyance experienced by BCI users significantly (p < 0.05) compared to the face pattern.