文献类型：学位论文

中文题名：新型含氟表面活性剂的制备研究

英文题名：Synthesis and Properties of Novel Fluorocarbon Surfactants

作者：徐于娇[1];

机构：[1]华东理工大学;

导师：李慧;华东理工大学

授予学位：硕士

语种：中文

中文关键词：氟碳表面活性剂;表面性能;乳液聚合;全氟辛酸

外文关键词：Fluorocarbon surfactants;Surface properties;emulsion polymerization;PFOA

摘要：氟碳表面活性剂因其独特的“三高”、“两憎”的性能,在各行各业中有着广泛的应用。但是由于目前被广泛应用的PFOA和PFOS类氟碳表面活性剂对环境及生物体具有极大的污染性,已经被限制或禁止使用,因此开发符合环保要求的新型氟碳表面活性剂迫在眉睫。 本文从不同的思路出发,设计合成了三类阴离子型氟碳表面活性剂。第一,将全氟辛酸中一个碳原子上的氟原子换成氢原子来降低含氟碳原子数目,我们设计合成了全氟己基乙酸盐表面活性剂；第二,设计合成了可聚合的氟碳表面活性剂全氟-4-甲基-6-乙烯基-3,6-二氧丁基磺酸钠,在进行乳液聚合时可以同含氟单体聚合成为聚合物的一部分；第三,设计合成含有一个亲水阴离子端基和两个短氟碳链疏水链的化合物。 通过红外光谱、核磁、表面张力测定、热重等方法对所制备的表面活性剂的结构和性能进行了研究,同时考察了部分产品在乳液聚合中的实际效果。结果表明,我们设计前两种合成的氟碳表面活性剂具有优异的表面性能,同时还符合当前的环保要求,能够用作PFOA的替代品,第三种表面活性剂的表面性能仍有待提高。
Fluorocarbon surfactants were widely applied in many industry fields due to their excellent performance. However, more and more country claimed to prohibite the use of perfluorooctanoic acid /(PFOA/) and perfluorooctane sulfonates /(PFOS/) because they were toxic to human and environment. Therefore, it becomes more and more urgently to prepare several of environment firendly fluorocarbon surfactants using as alternatives as PFOA and PFOS. In this thesis, three kinds of novel anionic fluorocarbon surfactants were designed and prepared. First, by reducing the length of the fluorocarbon chain, ammonium pefluorohexyl acetate and sodium perfluorohexyl acetate were designed, prepared and characterized. Secondly, a novel kind of polymerizable fluorocarbon surfactant, sodium perfluorinated-4-methyl-6-vinyl-3,6-dioxide butyl sulfate, were prepared, which could polymerized with fluorinated monomers during emulsion polymerization; Thirdly, a compound with one hydrophilic head and two hydrophobic tails were designed and prepared, in this compound, the hydrophobic groups are short fluorocarbon chains. The structures and performance of all the products were characterized by FTIR, NMR, Surface Tension Tester, and TGA. The results showed that the compounds have predetermined chemical strictures. Two kinds of fluorocarbon surfactants have excellent surface properties and could be used as alternatives of PFOA