文献类型：期刊文献

英文题名：Impacts of Emerging Pollutants Decabromodiphenyl Ether (BDE-209) and Polylactic Acid (PLA) Exposure on Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) Growth in a Co-contaminated Soil System

作者：Tholley, Mabinty Sarah[1];George, Lartey Young[2];Gong, Kailin[1];Kanu, Ibrahim Ahmed[3];Iyobosa, Eheneden[2];Wang, Gehui[4];Peng, Cheng[1];Zhang, Wei[1];Chen, Jizhang[1];Wang, Xiaoxia[1]

机构：[1]East China Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Resource & Environm Engn, Key Lab Environm Risk Assessment & Control Chem Pr, Minist Ecol & Environm, Shanghai 200237, Peoples R China;[2]Tongji Univ, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China;[3]Shandong Univ Sci & Technol, Coll Energy & Min Engn, Qingdao 266590, Peoples R China;[4]Nanjing Univ, Sch Environm, Key Lab Pollut Control & Resource Reuse, Jiangsu Key Lab Vehicle Emiss Control, Nanjing 210023, Peoples R China

年份：2026

卷号：116

期号：6

外文期刊名：BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY

收录：;EI(收录号：20262320857332);WOS:【SCI-EXPANDED(收录号:WOS:001784037000002)】；

基金：This research was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2023YFC3707700) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41877124, 42177395).

语种：英文

外文关键词：Decabromodiphenyl ether; Polylactic acid; Spinach; Antioxidant level; Microbial community

摘要：Emerging contaminants, including brominated flame retardants and microplastics, in agricultural soils pose a serious threat to crop security and ecosystem health. This study aimed to provide an understanding of the toxicity-induced effects of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) and polylactic acid (PLA) on Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) in the soil system by examining Spinach biomass, chlorophyll content, antioxidant enzyme activity, and microbial community composition after a 42-day exposure. The pre- and post-structural, morphological, and surface chemical group analyses of PLA and BDE-209 in contact with the soil system were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The data show that the combined treatment caused the most significant growth inhibition, with a 95% reduction in shoot dry weight and a 25% reduction in chlorophyll content, suggesting continued photosynthetic damage. Antioxidant enzyme analyses revealed an impaired defence system, wherein superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased (BDE-5: 48.4%, and BDE-6: 44.2%), whereas catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activities decreased (0.4-2.3%) across treatments, indicating metabolic blockage and subsequent hydrogen peroxide accumulation. The soil microbial composition in response to stress showed significant structural changes, including an increase in stress-tolerant genera, such as Bacillus (30-39%), and a decrease in beneficial Oligotrophic bacterial populations (58.9-74.0%). The degradation of PLA was confirmed by FTIR and SEM, which revealed surface interaction with BDE-209 and exhibited reduced absorbance between 1200 and 1000 cm-1, accompanied by a reduction in particle size (70-90 mu m). These findings suggest that PLA may be a co-pollutant exacerbating BDE-209 toxicity by increasing oxidative stress and altering the soil microbial community.