文献类型：期刊文献

英文题名：Environmental Transport of Emerging Human-Pathogenic Cryptosporidium Species and Subtypes through Combined Sewer Overflow and Wastewater

作者：Huang, Chengchen[1,2];Hu, Yue[1];Wang, Lin[1];Wang, Yuanfei[1];Li, Na[1,2];Guo, Yaqiong[1,2];Feng, Yaoyu[1,2];Xiao, Lihua[3]

机构：[1]East China Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Resources & Environm Engn, State Key Lab Bioreactor Engn, Shanghai, Peoples R China;[2]South China Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China;[3]Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Div Foodborne Waterborne & Environm Dis, Atlanta, GA USA

年份：2017

卷号：83

期号：16

外文期刊名：APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY

收录：;EI(收录号：20173104014557);WOS:【SCI-EXPANDED(收录号:WOS:000406877500008)】；

基金：This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31630078, 31425025, 31502055, 31602042), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (grant 2016M601531), and the Water Special Project (2014ZX07104006).

语种：英文

外文关键词：Cryptosporidium; Giardia duodenalis; Enterocytozoon bieneusi; wastewater; combined sewer overflow; environmental transport; microbial source tracking

摘要：The environmental transport of Cryptosporidium spp. through combined sewer overflow (CSO) and the occurrence of several emerging human-pathogenic Cryptosporidium species in developing countries remain unclear. In this study, we collected 40 CSO samples and 40 raw wastewater samples from Shanghai, China, and examined them by PCR and DNA sequencing for Cryptosporidium species (targeting the small subunit rRNA gene) and Giardia duodenalis (targeting the triosephosphate isomerase, beta-giardin, and glutamate dehydrogenase genes) and Enterocytozoon bieneusi (targeting the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer) genotypes. Human-pathogenic Cryptosporidium species were further subtyped by sequence analysis of the 60-kDa glycoprotein gene, with additional multilocus sequence typing on the emerging zoonotic pathogen Cryptosporidium ubiquitum. Cryptosporidium spp., G. duodenalis, and E. bieneusi were detected in 12 and 15, 33 and 32, and 37 and 40 CSO and wastewater samples, respectively, including 10 Cryptosporidium species, 3 G. duodenalis assemblages, and 8 E. bieneusi genotypes. In addition to Cryptosporidium hominis and Cryptosporidium parvum, two new pathogens identified in industrialized nations, C. ubiquitum and Cryptosporidium viatorum, were frequently detected. The two novel C. ubiquitum subtype families identified appeared to be genetic recombinants of known subtype families. Similarly, the dominant group 1 E. bieneusi genotypes and G. duodenalis subassemblage AII are known human pathogens. The similar distribution of human-pathogenic Cryptosporidium species and E. bieneusi and G. duodenalis genotypes between wastewater and CSO samples reaffirms that storm overflow is potentially a significant contamination source of pathogens in surface water. The frequent identification of C. ubiquitum and C. viatorum in urban wastewater suggests that these newly identified human pathogens may be endemic in China. IMPORTANCE Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, and Enterocytozoon bieneusi are major waterborne pathogens. Their transport into surface water through combined sewer overflow, which remains largely untreated in developing countries, has not been examined. In addition, the identification of these pathogens to genotypes and subtypes in urban storm overflow and wastewater is necessary for rapid and accurate assessment of pathogen transmission in humans and transport in the environment. Data from this study suggest that, like untreated urban wastewater, combined sewer overflow is commonly contaminated with human-pathogenic Cryptosporidium, G.duodenalis, and E. bieneusi genotypes and subtypes, and urban storm overflow potentially plays a significant role in the contamination of drinking source water and recreational water with human pathogens. They also indicate that Cryptosporidium ubiquitum and Cryptosporidium viatorum, two newly identified human pathogens, may be common in China, and genetic recombination can lead to the emergence of novel C. ubiquitum subtype families.