文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：美国公立学校教师不当言论的法律规制研究

英文题名：On the Legal Regulation of the Improper Speech of Public School Teachers in the United States

作者：王义坤[1]

机构：[1]华东理工大学法学院,上海200237

年份：2025

卷号：38

期号：12

起止页码：72

中文期刊名：世界教育信息

外文期刊名：Journal of World Education

基金：上海市教育科学市级项目“青年学生的网络不当表达及其防治与教育模式研究”(编号:B14007)。

语种：中文

中文关键词：公立学校教师;不当言论;法律规制;言论自由

外文关键词：Public school teachers;Improper speech;Legal regulation;Speech freedom

摘要：美国对教师不当言论进行法律规制的基础,是保障学生受教育权、维护学术自由与实现公共教育管理。教师发表职务言论应当绝对服从教育管理部门的要求,但课堂教学言论仍应容许适度的教师言论自由。教师发表涉及公共政策的评价言论、涉及教育机构或个人违法行为的揭弊言论等非职务言论,则需要通过利益平衡模式界定教育管理部门的规制权限,在教师言论自由和公共教育管理的政府利益之间实现平衡。同时,美国的规制也存在着价值中立理念引起价值虚化的实践效果、利益衡量模式的评判标准粗略且滞后等问题。我国可合理借鉴美国法治经验,在教师伦理规范中增加保障学生受教育权、维护学术自由与实现公共教育管理的理念。
The legal regulation of public school teachers’improper speech in the United States is based on the protection of students’right to education,the preservation of academic freedom,and the effective governance of public education.Teachers’official speech performed in the course of their professional duties is generally subject to strict compliance with the requirements of the educational authorities,while classroom instructional speech is afforded a degree of protected autonomy to safeguard pedagogical freedom.By contrast,teachers’non-official speech,such as commentary on public policy or whistleblowing concerning unlawful conduct by educational institutions or individuals,requires the delineation of regulatory authority through an interest-balancing framework that mediates between teachers’freedom of expression and the government’s legitimate interests in public education management.At the same time,U.S.regulatory practices reveal certain limitations,including the tendency of value neutrality to result in value dilution;and the coarse and lagging standard applied in interest-balancing adjudication.Drawing on U.S.legal experience,China could incorporate the principles of protecting students’right to education,maintaining academic freedom,and realizing public educational management into teacher ethics regulations.