文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：创业制度环境何以激发科技人才创业意愿?——基于AMO理论视角

英文题名：How does entrepreneurial institutional environment fuel scientific and technological talents'entrepreneurial fire?Based on AMO theory

作者：谭新雨[1]

机构：[1]华东理工大学社会与公共管理学院,上海200237

年份：2024

卷号：42

期号：4

起止页码：817

中文期刊名：科学学研究

外文期刊名：Studies in Science of Science

收录：CSTPCD;;北大核心:【北大核心2023】；CSSCI:【CSSCI2023_2024】；CSCD:【CSCD2023_2024】；

基金：上海市“科技创新行动计划”软科学重点项目(21692191600);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助。

语种：中文

中文关键词：创业制度环境;创业意愿;科技人才;创业效能感;创业激情

外文关键词：entrepreneurial institutional environment;entrepreneurial intention;science and technology talents;entrepreneurial self-efficacy;entrepreneurial passion

摘要：以高质量创业制度环境“磁吸”全球科技人才创新创业,俨然成为新形势下高水平人才高地和国际科技创新中心建设的迫切现实需求。于是,本研究基于新制度主义理论与AMO理论的整合视角,构建创业制度环境影响科技人才创业意愿的多重中介模型。本研究面向长三角地区三省一市展开多阶段、多来源的问卷调查,并运用结构方程建模方法进行实证分析,结果表明:创业制度环境会通过规制维度、规范维度、认知维度3种形式影响科技人才的创业意愿,其中,创业效能感、创业激情、创业机会认知在创业制度环境与科技人才的创业意愿之间发挥部分中介效应。本研究系统呈现创业制度环境影响科技人才创业的深层次心理机制,为提升创业制度环境对科技人才创业的激励效果提供政策“着力点”。
Magneting scientific and technological talents worldwide with high-quality entrepreneurial institutional environment,gradually becoming urgent requirements for the construction of high-level talents highland and international science and technology innovation center in the new era.Nevertheless,few studies considered the impact of entrepreneurial environment on entrepreneurial intention from the perspective of new institutionalism theory.Studies focus on the interaction effect of individual and institutional factors influencing scientific and technological talents'entrepreneurial intention,with the neglect of mediating effect of individual factors in the relationship between entrepreneurial environment and entrepreneurial intention.Most existing studies mostly examined the single psycholog-ical mechanism,leading to confusions in understanding scientific and technological talents'complex psychological activities.For a more comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the relationship between entrepreneurial environment and entrepreneurial intention,this study constructs a multiple mediating model of entrepreneurial institutional environment affecting scientific and technological talents'entrepreneurial intention by integrating new institutionalism and AMO theory.To do this,this study collected research data through random questionnaire survey from three provinces and one city in the Yangtze River Delta region.Structural equation modeling technique was employed to test hypotheses.Consistent with hypotheses,the results reveal that entrepreneurial institutional environment has a positive effect on scientific and technological talents'entrepreneurial intention in three forms,namely,regulatory dimension,normative dimension and cognitive dimension.Thereinto,entrepreneurial self-efficacy,entrepreneurial passion and entrepreneurial opportunity cognition play a partial mediating effect between entrepreneurial institutional environment and scientific and technological talents'entrepreneurial intention.Namely,entrepreneurial environment would shaping scientific and technological talents'entrepreneurial self-efficacy,entrepreneurial passion and entrepreneurial opportunity cognition,leading their strong desire for entrepreneurial activities.The theoretical contributions of this study to existing literature contains following three points.Firstly,this study integrates the content of entrepreneurial environment into the Coungtry Institutional Profiles(CIP).Consequently,regulatory dimension reflects the regulatory effect of policies and regulations in entrepreneurial environment on scientific and technological talents'entrepreneurial intention.The normative dimension explains how the entrepreneurial culture in entrepreneurial environment shape scientific and technological talents'entrepreneurial intention.Cognitive dimension shows cognitive guidance of entrepreneurial education on scientific and technological talents'entrepreneurial intention.Secondly,this study explored the multiple psychological mediating mechanism("situational factor→psychological mechanism→behavioral intention")of entrepreneurial institutional environment on scientific and technological talents'entrepreneurial intention.Thereby,this study reveals the jointly shaping logic of ability,motivation and opportunity on entrepreneurial intention.Thirdly,this study explores how entrepreneurial envioronment shape individual positive psychological state through the mediating effect of multiple psychological mechanisms,on the basis of existing studies that explored how individual psychological states interact with entrepreneurial envioronment by investigating the interaction effects.Thus,a profound and thorough understanding of the logical relationship among envioronment factors,psychological mechanisms and behavioral intentions in the field of entrepreneurship could be extended.This study also have several policy suggestions.Firstly,this study provides"anchoring point"for policy makers to enhance the incentive effect of entrepreneurial institutional environment on scientific and technological talents.Namely,entrepreneurial self-efficacy,entrepreneurial passion and entrepreneurial opportunity cognition.Secondly,this study suggests that governments could stimulate the entrepreneurial intention from three approaches,namly,regulation,norm and cognition.Thereinto,more policies should be made to build a high-quality entrepreneurship regulation,and a startup culture that tolerates failure is urgently needed to create entrepreneurial norms.Moreover,more mature and excellent entrepreneurial education system is needed to boost the entrepreneurship cognitive level.