文献类型：期刊文献

英文题名：Human infective potential of Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in urban wastewater treatment plant effluents

作者：Ma, Jiawen[1];Feng, Yaoyu[1];Hu, Yue[1];Villegas, Eric N.[2];Xiao, Lihua[3]

机构：[1]E China Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Resources & Environm Engn, State Key Lab Bioreactor Engn, Shanghai 200237, Peoples R China;[2]US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA;[3]Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Foodborne Waterborne & Environm Dis, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA

年份：2016

卷号：14

期号：3

起止页码：411

外文期刊名：JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH

收录：;WOS:【SCI-EXPANDED(收录号:WOS:000377813700005)】；

基金：This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (31425025 and 31229005), Water Special Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology, China (2014ZX07104006), and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or the US Environmental Protection Agency. The work has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.

语种：英文

外文关键词：Cryptosporidium; Enterocytozoon bieneusi; genotype; Giardia; wastewater; WWTP effluent

摘要：Cryptosporidiosis, giardiasis, and microsporidiosis are important waterborne diseases. In the standard for wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents in China and other countries, the fecal coliform count is the only microbial indicator, raising concerns about the potential for pathogen transmission through WWTP effluent reuse. In this study, we collected 50 effluent samples (30 L/sample) from three municipal WWTPs in Shanghai, China, and analyzed for Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis and Enterocytozoon bieneusi by microscopy and/or polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Moreover, propidium monoazide (PMA)-PCR was used to assess the viability of oocysts/cysts. The microscopy and PCR-positive rates for Cryptosporidium spp. were 62% and 40%, respectively. The occurrence rates of G. duodenalis were 96% by microscopy and 92-100% by PCR analysis of three genetic loci. Furthermore, E. bieneusi was detected in 70% (35/50) of samples by PCR. Altogether, 10 Cryptosporidium species or genotypes, two G. duodenalis genotypes, and 11 E. bieneusi genotypes were found, most of which were human-pathogenic. The chlorine dioxide disinfection employed in WWTP1 and WWTP3 failed to inactivate the residual pathogens; 93% of the samples from WWTP1 and 83% from WWTP3 did not meet the national standard on fecal coliform levels. Thus, urban WWTP effluents often contain residual waterborne human pathogens.