文献类型：期刊文献

英文题名：Pollutants Transformation During the Regeneration Process of Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalysts

作者：Bian, Jiawei[1];Vogel, Robin[2];Tian, Pengfei[3];Yang, Shuang[2];Wang, Bohan[1];Ling, Hao[1];Xuan, Fuzhen[3];Ju, Feng[1];Weckhuysen, Bert M.[2]

机构：[1]East China Univ Sci, East China Univ Sci & Technol Utrecht Univ Joint, Sch Chem Engn, State Key Lab Chem Engn, Shanghai 200237, Peoples R China;[2]Univ Utrecht, East China Univ Sci & Technol Utrecht Univ Joint R, Inst Sustainable & Circular Chem, Inorgan Chem & Catalysis Grp, Universiteitsweg 99, NL-3584 CG Utrecht, Netherlands;[3]East China Univ Sci & Technol, East China Univ Sci & Technol Utrecht Univ Joint R, Sch Mech & Power Engn, Shanghai 200237, Peoples R China

年份：2025

卷号：64

期号：52

外文期刊名：ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION

收录：;EI(收录号：20254519458281);WOS:【SCI-EXPANDED(收录号:WOS:001606743500001)】；

基金：This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22378131 and 22178110), the Basic Research Program of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (22JC1400600) and Shanghai Pujiang Programme (23PJD021). The authors thank Dr. Boyu Xu from Utrecht University for the graphic design assistance. B.M.W. acknowledges funding from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) and the Netherlands Center for Multiscale Catalytic Energy Conversion (MCEC), an NWO Gravitation program funded by the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science of the government of the Netherlands.

语种：英文

外文关键词：Coke deposits; Flue gas pollutants; Fluid catalytic cracking; Operando spectroscopy; Transformation mechanism

摘要：Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) is the major process for heavy oil conversion in current refineries and is explored for the intake of renewable feedstocks, like biomass and plastic waste. Due to coke deposition, FCC catalysts undergo continuous reaction-regeneration cycles. However, many gas pollutants are generated in the FCC regeneration process, and their emission characteristics and formation mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we conducted stack tests of three industrial FCC units to monitor pollutant emissions. The spent catalysts were characterized to identify the carbon deposits formed. We developed a method to correlate the decomposition of carbon deposits and the formation of gas pollutants in regeneration experiments using in situ Raman spectroscopy, operando FT-IR spectroscopy, and online gas-phase FT-IR spectroscopy. The evolution of coke species is significantly influenced by the oxygen content of the regeneration gas, leading to differences in emission concentration and formation temperature of various gas pollutants. The experimental results are compared with density functional theory (DFT) calculations to explain the formation of the major gas pollutants. This work is expected to advance pollutant emission prediction and control in FCC regeneration, thereby laying the foundation of future work in which different fossil-based and renewable feedstock compositions can be compared, including their effect on gas pollutant formation.