文献类型：期刊文献

英文题名：Occurrence, Source, and Human Infection Potential of Cryptosporidium and Giardia spp. in Source and Tap Water in Shanghai, China

作者：Feng, Yaoyu[1];Zhao, Xukun[1];Chen, Jiaxu[2,3];Jin, Wei[4];Zhou, Xiaonong[2,3];Li, Na[5];Wang, Lin[1];Xiao, Lihua[5]

机构：[1]E China Univ Sci & Technol, State Key Lab Bioreactor Engn, Sch Resource & Environm Engn, Shanghai 200237, Peoples R China;[2]Minist Hlth, Natl Inst Parasit Dis, Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Key Lab Parasite & Vector Biol, Shanghai 200025, Peoples R China;[3]WHO Collaborating Ctr Malaria Schistosomiasis & F, Shanghai 200025, Peoples R China;[4]Tongji Univ, Sch Environm Sci & Technol, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China;[5]Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA

年份：2011

卷号：77

期号：11

起止页码：3609

外文期刊名：APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY

收录：;WOS:【SCI-EXPANDED(收录号:WOS:000290847800008)】；

基金：This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grants 30928019 and 81041078), by fundamental research funds for the Central Universities in China (grant WB0914044), by the Shanghai Science and Technology Committee (grant 09540704400), by the State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology at the Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, and by IDEXX, China.

语种：英文

摘要：Genotyping studies on the source and human infection potential of Cryptosporidium oocysts in water have been almost exclusively conducted in industrialized nations. In this study, 50 source water samples and 30 tap water samples were collected in Shanghai, China, and analyzed by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Method 1623. To find a cost-effective method to replace the filtration procedure, the water samples were also concentrated by calcium carbonate flocculation (CCF). Of the 50 source water samples, 32% were positive for Cryptosporidium and 18% for Giardia by Method 1623, whereas 22% were positive for Cryptosporidium and 10% for Giardia by microscopy of CCF concentrates. When CCF was combined with PCR for detection, the occurrence of Cryptosporidium (28%) was similar to that obtained by Method 1623. Genotyping of Cryptosporidium in 17 water samples identified the presence of C. andersoni in 14 water samples, C. suis in 7 water samples, C. baileyi in 2 water samples, C. meleagridis in 1 water sample, and C. hominis in 1 water sample. Therefore, farm animals, especially cattle and pigs, were the major sources of water contamination in Shanghai source water, and most oocysts found in source water in the area were not infectious to humans. Cryptosporidium oocysts were found in 2 of 30 tap water samples. The combined use of CCF for concentration and PCR for detection and genotyping provides a less expensive alternative to filtration and fluorescence microscopy for accurate assessment of Cryptosporidium contamination in water, although the results from this method are semiquantitative.