文献类型：期刊文献

英文题名：Blessing and Curse: How a Supercapacitor's Large Capacitance Causes its Slow Charging

作者：Lian, Cheng[1];Janssen, Mathijs[1,2,3];Liu, Honglai[4];van Roij, Rene[1]

机构：[1]Univ Utrecht, Ctr Extreme Matter & Emergent Phenomena, Inst Theoret Phys, Princetonpl 5, NL-3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands;[2]Max Planck Inst Intelligente Syst, Heisenbergstr 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany;[3]Univ Stuttgart, Inst Theoret Phys 4, Pfaffenwaldring 57, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany;[4]East China Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Chem & Mol Engn, State Key Lab Chem Engn, Shanghai 200237, Peoples R China

年份：2020

卷号：124

期号：7

外文期刊名：PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS

收录：;EI(收录号：20201008272089);WOS:【SCI-EXPANDED(收录号:WOS:000515063100004)】；

基金：This work is part of the D-ITP consortium, a program of the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) that is funded by the Dutch Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (OCW). C. L. and R. v. R. acknowledge the EU-FET Project NANOPHLOW (No. REP-766972-1), M. J. acknowledges support from S. Dietrich, and H. L. acknowledges NSFC (Grants No. 91834301 and No. 21808055). We kindly thank Pieter Kouyzer for helpful discussions, Ben Ern ' e for access to the experimental data of Ref. [26], and Sviatoslav Kondrat for comments on our manuscript. C. L. and M. J. contributed equally to this work.

语种：英文

外文关键词：Dynamics - Electrodes - Time measurement - Equivalent circuits

摘要：The development of novel electrolytes and electrodes for supercapacitors is hindered by a gap of several orders of magnitude between experimentally measured and theoretically predicted charging time scales. Here, we propose an electrode model, containing many parallel stacked electrodes, that explains the slow charging dynamics of supercapacitors. At low applied potentials, the charging behavior of this model is described well by an equivalent circuit model. Conversely, at high potentials, charging dynamics slow down and evolve on two relaxation time scales: a generalized RC time and a diffusion time, which, interestingly, become similar for porous electrodes. The charging behavior of the stack-electrode model presented here helps to understand the charging dynamics of porous electrodes and qualitatively agrees with experimental time scales measured with porous electrodes.