文献类型：期刊文献

英文题名：Physicochemical Characterization and Formation Pathway of Hydrochar from Brewer's Spent Grain via Hydrothermal Carbonization

作者：Liu, Pengbo[1];Huang, Sheng[1,2];Wu, Youqing[1];Li, Xueqin[3];Wei, Xiao[4,5];Wu, Shiyong[1,2]

机构：[1]East China Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Resources & Environm Engn, Dept Chem Engn Energy Resources, Shanghai 200237, Peoples R China;[2]East China Univ Sci & Technol, Engn Res Ctr Resource Utilizat Carbon Containing W, Minist Educ, Shanghai 200237, Peoples R China;[3]Henan Univ Technol, Sch Environm Engn, Zhengzhou 450001, Peoples R China;[4]Harbin Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Harbin 150001, Peoples R China;[5]Harbin Inst Technol, Zhengzhou Res Inst, Zhengzhou 450001, Peoples R China

年份：2025

卷号：15

期号：9

外文期刊名：CATALYSTS

收录：;EI(收录号：20254019262956);WOS:【SCI-EXPANDED(收录号:WOS:001579660800001)】；

基金：This research was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2023YFB4103501-3) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 22378129).

语种：英文

外文关键词：brewer's spent grain; hydrothermal carbonization; hydrochar; formation pathway

摘要：In order to investigate the formation pathway of hydrochar during hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) and to identify the optimal process conditions for producing high-quality pyrolysis feedstock, the effect of hydrothermal temperature (220, 250, and 280 degrees C) on tar and hydrochar properties were analyzed by GC-MS, XRD, XPS, FT-IR, and SEM using protein-rich brewer's spent grain (BSG) as raw material. The results showed that aromatic compounds play a major role in tar production. Increasing hydrothermal temperature significantly enhanced volatile matter removal and consequently increased the fixed carbon content from 23.14 wt.% in HC-220 to 27.07 wt.% in HC-280, while the catalytic effect of H3O+ produced by high-temperature water facilitated the dehydration and decarboxylation reactions, resulting in a reduction in the H/C atomic ratio from 1.44 in HC-220 to 1.25 in HC-280 and the O/C atom ratio from 0.32 in HC-220 to 0.25 in HC-280. HC-280 exhibited superior fuel properties, with a high heating value (HHV) of 35.4 MJ/kg. XPS analysis indicated that elevated temperatures promote the conversion of sp3 C to sp2 C (the value of sp2 C/sp3 C increased from 1.13 in HC-220 to 1.49 in HC-280), significantly increasing the aromatic condensation degree of hydrochar. The more pronounced reduction in the -OH content compared to -COOH indicated that dehydration reactions predominated over decarboxylation. Finally, the formation pathways of hydrochar during HTC were revealed based on the properties of different products. The results demonstrate that HTC is an effective method for converting BSG into pyrolysis feedstock with potential applications in energy production. Future work should focus on the technical-economic assessment of the process at a pilot scale and evaluating the hydrochar's performance in real pyrolysis systems.