文献类型：期刊文献

英文题名：Internal thermal-bridge engineering intensifies progressive freeze concentration for directional Cu(II) enrichment

作者：Yao, Han[1,2,4,7];Huang, Huiting[1,4];Song, Pengfei[3];Chen, Xinyu[1,4];Lu, Jianjiang[2];Tong, Yanbin[2];Liao, Benren[6];Jia, Daqing[1,4];Zhang, Lehua[1,2,4,5,7]

机构：[1]East China Univ Sci & Technol, Natl Engn Res Ctr Ind Wastewater Detoxicat & Resou, Shanghai 200237, Peoples R China;[2]Shihezi Univ, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, Peoples R China;[3]Virginia Peninsula Community Coll, Div Sci Technol Engn & Math, Hampton, VA 23666 USA;[4]East China Univ Sci & Technol, State Environm Protect Key Lab Environm Risk Asses, Shanghai 200237, Peoples R China;[5]Shanghai Inst Pollut Control & Ecol Secur, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China;[6]Shanghai 4 Reagent Chem Co Ltd, Shanghai 201512, Peoples R China;[7]Shanghai Innovat Inst Elect Chem, Shanghai 201400, Peoples R China

年份：2026

卷号：410

外文期刊名：SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY

收录：;EI(收录号：20262921111659);Scopus(收录号：2-s2.0-105044588643);WOS:【SCI-EXPANDED(收录号:WOS:001826443500001)】；

基金：This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (22478119) , the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (JKB01251844) ,the Jixi graphite industry "unveil-ing" scientific and technological research project (JKJB2023H03) , and the Xinjiang "Tianchi Talent" Introduction Project.

语种：英文

外文关键词：PFC; Internal thermal bridge; Process intensification; Heat and mass transfer coupling; thermophoretic

摘要：Progressive freeze concentration (PFC) is a promising freeze-based separation technology for concentrating solutes while producing purified ice. However, its separation efficiency is often limited by the increasing thermal resistance of the growing ice layer, which weakens heat extraction, slows ice-front propagation, and promotes solute entrapment within the ice phase. In this study, an internal thermal-bridge strategy was proposed to intensify PFC by inserting high-conductivity metal rods into the freezing system. The rods provided an additional low-resistance heat-transfer pathway between the cold environment and the liquid interior, thereby strengthening internal thermal transport and promoting temperature-gradient-guided Cu(II) migration. Systematic experiments, heat-transfer calculations, temperature-field simulations, and response surface methodology were combined to evaluate the effects of rod configuration, freezing temperature, and initial Cu(II) concentration on separation performance. Compared with conventional PFC, metal-rod insertion increased the total heat flux by up to 12.9 times and reduced the complete freezing time by 34.5-37.0%. The enhanced thermal transport generated a more favorable axial and radial temperature distribution, which, together with ice-front solute rejection, facilitated directional Cu(II) enrichment toward the bottom concentrated zone. Under the optimized conditions of 258 K, two 15-cm rods with a 5 cm exposed and 10 cm immersed configuration, and an initial Cu (II) concentration of 300 mg/L, the bottom Cu(II) concentration reached 2341 mg/L, corresponding to a concentration factor of 7.80. These results demonstrate that internal thermal-bridge engineering can effectively couple heat transfer and solute migration in PFC, offering a practical process-intensification strategy for freezeconcentration separation of ion-containing aqueous streams.