文献类型：期刊文献

英文题名：Thermal runaway and gas generation dynamics in aged Lithium-ion batteries under low temperatures

作者：Wang, Hailong[1];Wu, Senming[1];Shao, Chuanchuan[1];Luan, Weiling[1];Chen, Haofeng[1,2]

机构：[1]East China Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Mech & Power Engn, Key Lab Adv Battery Syst & Safety CPCIF, Shanghai 200237, Peoples R China;[2]Univ Strathclyde, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Glasgow City G1 1XJ, Scotland

年份：2025

卷号：124

外文期刊名：JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE

收录：;EI(收录号：20251918365029);WOS:【SCI-EXPANDED(收录号:WOS:001488082500001)】；

基金：The authors gratefully acknowledge the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52375144 and 52205153) , Shanghai Pujiang Programme (23PJD019) and Leading Project under the Eastern Talent Programme.

语种：英文

外文关键词：Lithium-ion batteries; Low-temperature aging; Thermal runaway; Gas generation; Battery safety

摘要：Low-temperature cyclic aging significantly impacts the safety and thermal stability of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), posing challenges for their use in energy storage and electric vehicles. This study systematically investigates the thermal runaway (TR) and gas generation dynamics of 18,650-type NCA LIBs across five states of health (SOH), from 100 % to 60 %. Using accelerating rate calorimetry, gas chromatography, and thermal imagery, the research identifies critical trends in gas composition, explosion risks, and jet fire behaviors. Hydrogen gas volume decreases with aging, while CO, CO2, and hydrocarbon gases increase, leading to a lower risk of secondary explosions in aged cells. A novel two-step jet fire behavior is revealed, with larger but less intense secondary jets correlating with reduced thermal energy in aged batteries. SEM analysis highlights the role of lithium plating on the anode and cathode particle fractures in degrading thermal stability. Comprehensive parameter normalization underscores non-linear safety trends, with specific SOH levels showing heightened risks. The findings provide critical insights for enhancing LIB safety during operation, storage, and recycling. They also offer valuable guidance for designing tiered utilization strategies for decommissioned batteries, supporting safer and more sustainable energy storage applications.