文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：从实验室到市场:制度情境、身份认同和专利能力在科技成果商业化中的相互作用

英文题名：From Labs to Markets:Understanding the Interplay of Institutional Context Identity,and Patentability in Academic Commercialization

作者：雷玮[1];张闫龙[2]

机构：[1]华东理工大学商学院;[2]北京大学光华管理学院

年份：2023

卷号：2

期号：2

起止页码：51

中文期刊名：经济管理学刊

外文期刊名：Quarterly Journal of Economics and Management

基金：北京大学国家高新技术产业开发区发展战略研究院对本文研究的支持。

语种：中文

中文关键词：商业化;科研人员;制度逻辑;身份

外文关键词：Commercialization;Academic Scientists;Institutional Logics;Identity

摘要：本文考察了中国制度情境下科研人员的科技成果商业化活动。相比于西方情境,中国高校和科研院所中科技成果商业化具有更强的合法性基础。通过整合制度逻辑视角和身份控制理论,本文研究了国家逻辑、市场逻辑和专业逻辑之间的相互作用对科学家身份和科技成果商业化的影响。本文基于对1776名高校和科研院所研究人员的样本分析,发现市场逻辑对科学家的专利能力和科技成果的商业化具有积极影响。然而,市场逻辑的作用受到专业逻辑和国家逻辑的影响:就专业逻辑而言,对职称晋升的满意度削弱了科学家专利能力与科技成果商业化之间的正向关系;国家逻辑对市场逻辑的影响具有双重作用,国家创新政策的支持加强了科学家专利能力和科技成果商业化之间的正向关系,而获得政府资助的科研项目则削弱了这种正向关系。
This paper explores academic entrepreneurship within the context of Chinese universities and research institutes,where the interrelationships among major institutional logics present a contrasting setting to the western context.In prevalent western scenarios,the science community has long been bound by the Mertonian norm of disinterestedness and communism,which encoura-ges the free pursuit of knowledge and avoids direct commercial activity.As such,a significant issue when commercializing science is to increase legitimacy and redefine the boundary between academia and commerce.The evolution of the Science&Technology system in China has undergone a substantial transfor-mation in institutional logics.Prior to market reform,the state logic was dominant within Chinese universities and rescarch institutes concerning all aspects of resource allocation,output goals,and human resource management.Universities and rescarch institutes,under direct govemnment control,functioned as instruments for training talent and providing technologies according to govemment demands.Therefore,technology transfer and utilization were legitimate within universities and research institutes from the onset.Scientists were allowed and instructed to apply their research out-puts,albeit weakly connected to individual economic interests.Later,during the economic reform era,the state progressively shifted its administration role into macro guidance and oversight.Under state guidance,both professional logic and market logic emerged and prevailed within universities and rescearch institutes.The market logic supplanted the state's role in promoting the utilization of scientific outputs,further reconstructing the incentive system and utilization mechanisms towards commercialization.This change invigorated the economic incentives for academic scientists,requiring them to gain more knowledge and exposure to industrial activities to understand enterprises'technological needs.Meanwhile,professional logic rose to take over govermance within the academie community.With higher education reforms,contract systems and performance-driven reward systems gradually replaced permanent employment and fixed salaries in universities and research institutes.In relation to the state's role,both the central and local govemments assumed macro-level supervision responsibilities such as legislation,policymaking,and funding,while refraining from intervening in govemance within individual universities or rescarch institutes.The unique interelationships among statc,market,and professional logics in the context of the Chinese science sector pave the way for new research sgendas of scademic entreprenecurship.The omrialzation of sclence inberis legitimacy from the state planning period,when scientifle discoveries were directed to be pragmatic and applicable,and further stablizes it during the refom period.However,whether academic scientists can fully realize their potential to commercialize research outputs is unclear,as the co-existing state,market,and professional logics prescribe difering expectations for their behavios.To solve this puzzle,this study comlbines the insitutional logics perspective with identity control theary,denonstrating bhow academie scienis develop entrepeneurial or scademie identities hrough a identity control process which links identity fomation with each instiutional loge's expectabons.The study proposes that intottional logis provide the guidelines and standards for forming acadenie and entrepreneurial idenities.Scentists then verify heir congruity or insconguity with each idenity.guiding thelir conmercialzation activity.This study uilized data from the third wave of the National Survey on Scientific and Technical Porfesionals in China,conducted by the China Association for Science and Technology(CAST)in 2013.By analyzing a representative sample of 1776 academic scientis in Beijing.the findings suggest that market logie has a drect effect on scentists,encouraging them to foster entrepreneurial identity and to actively work towards commercializing their potentally valuable research achievements.Speifcally,a scientist's patenting ability is positively ass0ciated with the rate of research achievement commercialization.Furthermore,the influence of market logic is contingent on the impact of professonal and state logics.Professional logic prescribes the standard for academic identity,while state logic sets expectations for both academic and entrepreneurial identies.In accordance with professional logic,satisfaction with the professional title appraisal systerm strengthens the academic identity,thus weakening the positive relationship between a scientist's patenting ability and commercialization activity.State logie exerts a dual ffect on the impact of market logic:Facilitation by the state in strenghening entepreneurial identy enhances the efct of market logic,while te inensification of academie identity as a result of professional or state influence diminishes the effect of market logie.The results suggest that academie scientists who receive more publie funds from central and local govemments are less engaged in realizing their potential for commercialzation,while those who perceive more support from national Science and Technology policies ane more likely to do 0.These findings iluminate the mechanisms through which institutional logics influence individual behavior and deepen the understanding of comumercialization activity in Chinese universities and research institutes.This study contrbutes to bot the academie entreprpeurshipp and instfuional logics lterature.Firs,it examines academle entepreneurship in the relatively unexplored context of Chinese universities and research instutes,whee instutional sttingsg are markedly dffererit from their wesen counterparts due to divergent histrical tajectories.By intoducing a new context in which the acadenie nom is not in contradictio with conmere,the study cotrlbutes to a new rscarth agenda focused on scientists'engagenent in commercialization activity in the face of co-existing.yet nDot conficting,bogics.Second,by inegrating instuioral logies with idenity control theory,the theretical framnework of this study provides a mierofoundation for the between intituinal logics and individual actiom.The proposed idendity pocess also provdes insights into enmbedded agency at the indvidual level,enpasizing the role of buman agency.This sugges theat indvidual actors could levernge co-existing instiutional logics and manage thelr identides to opdimize their career outcomes.