文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：相转移催化反应的研究——Ⅲ.季铵盐的结构与其催化性能的关系

英文题名：Studies of Phase Transfer Catalysis——Ⅲ. Relation Between the Catalysis Effect and the Structure of Quaternary Ammonium Salts

作者：张新胜[1];祁国珍[1]

机构：[1]华东化工学院专用化学品研究所

年份：1993

卷号：19

期号：3

起止页码：304

中文期刊名：华东化工学院学报

收录：Scopus;CSCD:【CSCD2011_2012】；

基金：国家自然科学基金

语种：中文

中文关键词：醚化;季铵盐;催化剂;硝基苯甲醚

外文关键词：reaction kinetics;etherification;quaternary amonium salts;phase transfer catalyst;o-nitroanisole

摘要：选用了四种季铵盐作为相转移催化剂:三甲基苄基氯化铵,三乙基苄基氯化铵,三丙基苄基氯化铵,三丁基苄基氯化铵,应用于由邻硝基氯化苯合成邻硝基苯甲醚反应中,测定了它们的假一级反应速度常数和反应活化能,求得了反应的活化焓△H^+、活化熵△S^+和活化自由能△G^+。利用季铵盐所具有的有机和无机特性,研究了大小不同烷基的季铵盐相转移催化剂的结构与反应速度常数之间的关系,并且测得四种季铵盐在水-油两相中的平衡分配比。
Four quaternary ammonium salts were selected as phase transfer catalysts (PTC), which are: trimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride, triethylbenzyl ammonium chloride, tripropylbenzyl ammonium chloride and tributylbenzyl ammonium chloride. They were applied to the reaction of synthesis of o-nitroanisole from o-nitrochlorobenzene. The reactions fallow the pseudo-first order reaction. The kinetic constant and activation energy were measured, and some activation parameters (activation entropy △S^+, activation enthalpy △H^+ and activation free energy △G^+) were calculated based on the absolute rate theory. The relation between observed kinetic constant and the structures of quaternary ammonium salts was studied. The distribution ratio of four quaternary ammonium salts between aqueous phase and organic phase was measured.