文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：液-液相分离调控酶活性的机制与应用进展

英文题名：Mechanisms and applications of liquid-liquid phase separation in enzyme activity regulation

作者：刘佳旭[1];丁一凡[1];张晓彦[3];白云鹏[2]

机构：[1]荆楚理工学院食品与生物学院,湖北荆门448000;[2]西北大学化工学院陕西省生物材料与发酵工程研究中心,陕西西安710069;[3]华东理工大学生物反应器工程国家重点实验室上海生物制造协同创新中心,上海200237

年份：2026

卷号：42

期号：3

起止页码：1118

中文期刊名：生物工程学报

外文期刊名：Chinese Journal of Biotechnology

收录：;EI(收录号：20261220297698);北大核心:【北大核心2023】；

基金：国家重点研发计划(2023YFA0913600);国家自然科学基金(22378120)。

语种：中文

中文关键词：液-液相分离;凝聚体;酶活性调控;代谢区室化;生物催化体系

外文关键词：liquid-liquid phase separation;condensates;enzymatic activity regulation;metabolic compartmentalization;biocatalytic systems

摘要：生命体系常依赖可动态组装的多酶复合体以实现对代谢反应的精细调控。近年来,液-液相分离(liquid-liquid phase separation,LLPS)被认为是自然界组织与调整酶促反应的重要机制之一,并逐渐成为构建人工催化体系的有力工具。得益于其可逆、自组织与可编程的特性,LLPS驱动的生物大分子凝聚体能够调节酶的局部浓度、空间排列与微环境性质,从而影响催化效率与底物选择性。目前,从细胞内的多酶通路到体外的人工反应器,多个酶促体系已在凝聚体中实现重建与增强。本文简述了LLPS的生理背景,结合作者团队对LLPS酶催化体系的研究,重点总结了其调控酶活性的主要机制,以及在代谢通路工程与体外生物催化中的应用进展,并讨论了可编程凝聚体用于动态调控催化过程的潜在前景。本文为理解LLPS调控酶催化的机制提供了系统参考,并为构建高效可控的多酶催化体系提供了理论依据。
Living systems often rely on dynamically assembled multi-enzyme complexes to achieve precise control over metabolic reactions.In recent years,liquid-liquid phase separation(LLPS)has been recognized as one of the important mechanism by which living systems organbize and regulate enzymatic reactions,and has gradually emerged as a powerful tool for constructing artificial catalytic systems.Owing to the reversible,self-organizing,and programmable properties,LLPS-driven biomolecular condensates can modulate the local concentration,spatial arrangement,and microenvironmental features of enzymes,thereby influencing catalytic efficiency and substrate selectivity.To date,a variety of enzymatic systems,from intracellular multi-enzyme pathways to in vitro artificial reactors,have been reconstructed and enhanced within condensates.This review provides a concise overview of the physiological context of LLPS and,together with the authors’recent work on LLPS-based enzymatic systems,highlights the major mechanisms by which LLPS modulates enzymatic activity.We further summarize advances in the applications of LLPS in metabolic pathway engineering and in vitro biocatalysis and discuss the potential of programmable condensates for dynamic regulation of catalytic processes.This review proides a systematic framework for understanding the mechanisms by which LLPS regulates enzymatic catalysis and offers a theoretical basis for the rational design of efficient and controllable multi-enzyme catalytic systems.