文献类型：期刊文献

英文题名：Reduced phenological differences under nitrogen enrichment facilitate invasion by a late-growing plant

作者：Xu, Xiao[1];Zhang, Zhijie[2];Wan, Nian-Feng[3];Nie, Ming[4,5];Li, Bo[1,4,5]

机构：[1]Yunnan Univ, Sch Ecol & Environm Sci,Funct & Construct VegLa, State Key Lab Vegetat Struct,Inst Biodivers, Minist Educ,Key Lab Transboundary Ecosecur Southwe, Kunming 650504, Yunnan, Peoples R China;[2]Peking Univ, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, State Key Lab Vegetat Struct, Inst Ecol,Funct & Construct VegLab, Beijing 10000, Peoples R China;[3]East China Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Pharm, Shanghai Key Lab Chem Biol, Shanghai 200237, Peoples R China;[4]Fudan Univ, Inst Biodivers Sci, Natl Observat & Res Stn Wetland Ecosyst Yangtze Es, Minist Educ,Key Lab Biodivers Sci & Ecol Engn, Shanghai 200438, Peoples R China;[5]Fudan Univ, Inst Ecochongming, Sch Life Sci, Shanghai 200438, Peoples R China

年份：2025

卷号：248

期号：5

起止页码：2553

外文期刊名：NEW PHYTOLOGIST

收录：;WOS:【SCI-EXPANDED(收录号:WOS:001567975900001)】；

基金：This study was funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (grant no.: 2022YFC2601100), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant nos.: W2412127, 32430065, 32460336, 32030067, and U23A20160), the Shanghai Action Plan for Science, Technology and Innovation (grant no.: 23015810100), the Xingdian Talent Support Program of Yunnan, and the Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects (grant no.: 202501AS070075), and the Department of Science and Technology of Yunnan Province (grant no.: 202405AS350011).

语种：英文

外文关键词：coastal wetland; coexistence theory; niche differentiation; phenological niche; plant competition; salt marsh; Spartina alterniflora

摘要：Although invasion success is often attributed to the early phenology of the invader, many late-growing invaders also thrive in resource-enriched environments. However, the mechanism behind this paradox remains poorly understood. Here, we tested how nitrogen (N) enrichment influences competition between the late-growing invader Spartina alterniflora and the early-growing native Phragmites australis in a coastal salt marsh. Using field experiments and modern coexistence theory, we tracked changes in growth timing due to N enrichment and measured their effects on niche differences (ND) and fitness differences (FD). We found that N enrichment advanced the growth phenology of S. alterniflora but not that of P. australis, thereby reducing their temporal separation. This N-induced phenological synchrony weakened stabilizing ND and amplified the invader's fitness advantage, shifting the competitive outcome from coexistence under ambient N conditions to the strong suppression of the native plant under N enrichment. Our findings reveal a critical, yet often-overlooked mechanism: N enrichment helps late-growing invaders not only by increasing their competitiveness but also by eroding the temporal ND that buffer native communities. This highlights that such resource-driven alterations in phenological strategies are a potent determinant of invasion success under global change.