文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：民主德国经济失败原因探析

英文题名：Analysis on the Reason of the Failure of the Democratic German economy

作者：王涌[1]

机构：[1]华东理工大学德语国家研究中心,上海200237

年份：2017

期号：8

起止页码：220

中文期刊名：学术界

外文期刊名：Academics

收录：国家哲学社会科学学术期刊数据库;北大核心:【北大核心2014】；社科基金资助期刊;CSSCI:【CSSCI2017_2018】；

基金：国家社科基金项目"战后德国经济;社会结构和阶级构成的变化研究"(批准号:09BSS016)的阶段性成果

语种：中文

中文关键词：民主德国;计划经济;经济改革;政治经济;经济政治

外文关键词：Democratic Germany;;planned economy;;economic reform;;Political economy

摘要：民主德国经济失败只能在相对意义上才能站得住脚,相对于西方国家经济,主要是联邦德国。正是由于经互会国家经济在世界范围内的整体劣势,使得其中的佼佼者面对联邦德国才显出失败的态势。这个态势不能笼统归于计划经济体制本身,而是由内外部多方面原因导致。内部原因主要在于政治因素对经济的绝对主导,以致出于意识形态缘故而不惜违背经济规律,使得计划完全脱离市场,成了不顾事实的主观任意行为;外部原因主要是苏联的控制和整个经互会国家经济的不景气。前者使得其无法从民族经济利益角度去看待经济问题,后者使得其外贸强项的实际经济值大幅下降。所以,民主德国经济在与联邦德国的同比中最终被舍弃,不能简单归于计划经济体制本身,它与多方面因素相关。计划经济体制并不是命里注定要失败的,就像市场经济体制并不是命里注定会成功的一样,关键在如何计划和如何市场。
Relative to the economy of the Western countries,mainly the Federal Germany,the Democratic German economy is failing. It is precisely owe to the overall disadvantage of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance in the world. In contrast of the Federal Germany,the leader of the CMEA members showed a failure trend. This trend can not be only attributed to the planned economy itself,but specifically depend by internal and external reasons: the internal reason is the political dominance of government in the economy,making the economic plan go against economic laws for the sake of ideology,ignore the impact of market,and become a subjective arbitrary behavior; the external reasons include that the Soviet’s control and the CMEA’s economic depression. The former makes Democratic German could not deal with the economic problems on the perspective of national economic interests,and the latter makes the actual economic value of Democratic German’s advantage of foreign trade fall significantly. The economy of Democratic German is inferior to the Federal Germany’s,it not be simply attributed to the planned economy itself,but to many factors. The planned economic system is not destined to fail,just as the market economy is not destined to success,the keys of them are how to plan and how the market runs.