文献类型：期刊文献

英文题名：Unraveling the effects of network, direct and indirect reciprocity in online societies

作者：Jiang, Zhi-Qiang[1,2];Wang, Peng[1,2];Ma, Jun-Chao[1,2];Zhu, Peican[3];Han, Zhen[4];Podobnik, Boris[5,6,7];Stanley, H. Eugene[8,9];Zhou, Wei-Xing[1,2];Alfaro-Bittner, Karin[10];Boccaletti, Stefano[10,11,12]

机构：[1]East China Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Business, Shanghai 200237, Peoples R China;[2]East China Univ Sci & Technol, Res Ctr Econophys, Shanghai 200237, Peoples R China;[3]Northwestern Polytech Univ, Sch Artificial Intelligence Opt & Elect, Xian 710072, Peoples R China;[4]Northwestern Polytech Univ, Sch Cybersecur, Xian 710072, Peoples R China;[5]Zagreb Sch Econ & Management, Zagreb 10000, Croatia;[6]Fac Informat Studies Novo Mesto, Novo Mesto 8000, Slovenia;[7]Univ Rijeka, Fac Civil Engn, Rijeka 51000, Croatia;[8]Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA;[9]Boston Univ, Ctr Polymer Studies, Boston, MA 02215 USA;[10]Univ Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipan S-N, Madrid 28933, Spain;[11]CNR Inst Complex Syst, Via Madonna Piano 10, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy;[12]Moscow Inst Phys & Technol, Dolgoprudnyi 141701, Moscow Region, Russia; Indian Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Complex Syst Lab, Indore Simrol 453552, India

年份：2023

卷号：169

外文期刊名：CHAOS SOLITONS & FRACTALS

收录：;EI(收录号：20231013681556);WOS:【SCI-EXPANDED(收录号:WOS:000998180000001)】；

基金：Z.-Q.J. and W.-X.Z. acknowledge the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (72171084, 91746108), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities. B.P. acknowledges the support from the Slovenian Research Agency (Grant no. J7-3156) and the Centre of Excellence project DATACROSS' no. KK.01.1.1.01.0009.

语种：英文

摘要：Network, direct and indirect reciprocity are three widely recognized mechanisms driving and sustaining cooperation, and each one of them is well understood when acting alone. However, these forms of reciprocity are barely found to be isolated from one another in the real circumstances, and it is still unclear which is the specific role played by each form of reciprocity works when they take action in parallel. With a unique data set from online societies, we find that direct and indirect reciprocity are actually moderated by network reciprocity. On the one hand, the cooperation boosting effect of direct and indirect reciprocity is stronger when subjects have more social connections, indicating that network reciprocity facilitates the formation of direct and indirect reciprocal interactions. On the other hand, this effect declines dramatically for upstream indirect reciprocity (also known as generalized reciprocity) and completely disappears for downstream indirect reciprocity (regarding reputation) when social connections are absent, indicating that social links is a pivotal factor in transmitting gratitude and building reputation. Our study deepens, therefore, the understanding of simultaneous effects of different mechanisms on the evolution of cooperation, and provides a fresh framework for empirically disentangling the factors of cooperative actions in real-world networks.