文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：奇异点传感及其发展简述

英文题名：A brief introduction to exceptinal-point sensing

作者：张理达[1];钮月萍[1];龚尚庆[1]

机构：[1]华东理工大学物理学院,上海200237

年份：2026

卷号：75

期号：4

起止页码：81

中文期刊名：物理学报

外文期刊名：Acta Physica Sinica

收录：;EI(收录号：20260920165994);WOS:【SCI-EXPANDED(收录号:WOS:001703900800029)】；北大核心:【北大核心2023】；

基金：* Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 12374327, 12034007) and the Key Project of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission for Scientific Innovation, China (Grant No. 2023ZKZD39) .

语种：中文

中文关键词：奇异点;亚线性传感;非厄米系统;信号响应系数;信噪比;灵敏度

外文关键词：exceptional points;sublinear sensing;non-Hermtian systems;signal responsivity;signal to noise ratio;sensitivity

摘要：奇异点(exceptional point,EP)作为非厄米物理系统的属性,因其对微扰的亚线性放大响应,具有大幅度超越传统传感器灵敏度的潜力.近年来,EP传感已在光学、力学与量子等领域取得显著进展.本文将简要回顾EP的研究历史以及其增强传感的物理机制,进而介绍EP传感的现状,包括在不同物理系统中验证EP增强信号响应系数、信噪比及灵敏度的能力.在此基础上,探讨了EP传感领域目前面临的主要挑战,如噪声问题、稳定性等及其未来可能的发展方向.
Exceptional points(EPs),appearing in non-Hermitian systems as a specific class of spectral degeneracy at which the eigenvalues and eigevectors coalesce,have been extensively studied in the last decades due to their peculiar properties.In particular,around the EP,the spectral splitting scales sublinearly with the introduced perturbation,resulting in divergently increased signal responsivity.And due to its amplified response to perturbations,it may significantly exceed the sensitivity of traditional sensors.In the last decade,EP sensing has gone from theoretical conception to experimental implementation.Since the first experimental demonstration of improved signal responsivity in optical systems,EP sensing has made remarkable advances in achieving enhanced signal-to-noise ratio and measurement sensitivity,which are key parameters characterizing the sensing performance.In this paper,we first briefly introduce the history of EPs and the physical mechanisms underlying their enhanced sensing capabilities.We then review the current status of EP sensing,including the improvements in signal sensitivity,signal-to-noise ratio,and measurement sensitivity on various physical platforms including optical,mechanical,and quantum systems.Afterwards,the main challenges faced by EP sensing including noise amplification and system stability are discussed.Finally,we point out possible solutions to address these limitations by using quantum effects such as quantum squeezing,and outline potential future development directions.