文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：破产和解的制度重构

英文题名：The Restruction of Bankruptcy Conciliation

作者：张旭东[1]

机构：[1]华东理工大学法学院

年份：2025

卷号：12

期号：5

起止页码：130

中文期刊名：苏州大学学报(法学版)

外文期刊名：Journal of Soochow University (Law Edition)

基金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“重整程序中的公司治理问题研究”(项目编号:22BFX092)的阶段性成果。

语种：中文

中文关键词：破产和解;破产预防;程序功能;小微企业重整;简易重整

外文关键词：Bankruptcy Conciliation;Prevention of Bankruptcy;Procedure Function;Reorganization of Small and Micro Enterprises;Simple Reorganization

摘要：破产和解是破产拯救主义的最初呈现,但因申请门槛过高、挽救手段单一、程序衔接不畅、协议执行缺乏监督等立法设计,在功能共通的重整制度冲击下尽显劣势,导致市场主体的选择规避及和解重整化现象。和解有留任债务人和简单低廉的专属属性,能够适配低成本偏好和控制权独占的小规模债务人再生需求,可与成本高昂、改变治理结构的重整制度错位竞争,且无法被替代。和解应抓住小微企业重整巨大需求这一契机,明确自身拯救小微企业的功能定位,保留关键属性并重构为小微企业重整制度。基于该思路,制度重构时应扩大适用主体范围至一切组织形式的小微企业,启动条件由清算界限变为重整界限,增加与普通重整的转换机制,采用相对顺位规则,以默示“视同批准”为表决方法,执行中允许利害关系人修改计划,并可委任公职管理人对计划执行进行监督。
The bankruptcy conciliation was the initial manifestation of the bankruptcy rescue doctrine.However,due to its high application threshold,limited rescue measures,poor procedural connection,and lack of supervision over the implementation of agreements,it has shown significant disadvantages under the impact of the functionally similar reorganization system,leading to the avoidance of its selection by market entities and the phenomenon of conciliation being replaced by reorganization.Bankruptcy Conciliation has the exclusive attributes of retaining the debtor and being simple and low-cost,which can meet the low-cost preference and exclusive control rights of small-scale debtors’regeneration needs.It can compete with the costly and governance structure-changing reorganisation system in a complementary manner and cannot be replaced.Bankruptcy Conciliation should seize the huge demand for the reorganization of small and micro enterprises as an opportunity,clarify its functional positioning of rescuing small and micro enterprises,retain its key attributes,and be restructured into a reorganisation system for small and micro enterprises.Based on this idea,when reconstructing the system,the scope of applicable subjects should be expanded to all organisational forms of small and micro enterprises,the start-up conditions should be changed from the liquidation boundary to the reorganisation boundary,a conversion mechanism with ordinary reorganisation should be added,a relative ranking rule should be adopted,the implied“deemed approval”should be used as the voting method,and the plan execution should allow interested parties to modify the plan and appoint public officials as managers to supervise the plan execution.