文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：刚性纳米孔酚醛树脂基复合材料的制备与性能

英文题名：Preparation and properties of rigid nanoporous phenolic resin-based composites

作者：刘杰[1];曹宇[1];钱震[1];刘瑞祥[2];周长灵[2];潘鹤林[1];张亚运[1];牛波[1];龙东辉[1]

机构：[1]华东理工大学化工学院,上海200237;[2]山东工业陶瓷研究设计院有限公司,淄博255000

年份：2023

卷号：40

期号：10

起止页码：5601

中文期刊名：复合材料学报

外文期刊名：Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica

收录：CSTPCD;;EI(收录号：20234314953425);Scopus;北大核心:【北大核心2020】；CSCD:【CSCD2023_2024】；

基金：国家自然科学基金(22078100;52102098);中国博士后科学基金(2022 M711140)。

语种：中文

中文关键词：热防护材料;莫来石陶瓷瓦;纳米孔酚醛树脂;力学性能;隔热性能;烧蚀性能

外文关键词：thermal protection material;mullite ceramic tile;nanoporous phenolic resin;mechanical properties;thermal insulation properties;ablative properties

摘要：随着我国航天工程快速发展,对热防护系统的轻量化、维形性、防热效率及长时间服役能力等提出了更加苛刻的要求。本文以刚性莫来石陶瓷瓦(RMI)为增强体、杂化酚醛树脂(PR)为基体,通过溶胶-凝胶-常压梯度干燥工艺制备出一种刚性纳米孔酚醛树脂基RMI/PR复合材料,系统研究了树脂浓度对复合材料的微观结构、力学性能、隔热性能及烧蚀性能的影响。结果表明:RMI具有明显的横观各向同性,其Z向室温热导率为0.036 W/(m·K)。随着树脂浓度从15wt%增加到45wt%,RMI/PR的密度由0.52 g/cm^(3)逐渐增加至0.85 g/cm^(3),其树脂的纳米孔径从2081 nm急剧减小至32 nm。随着树脂浓度的增加,RMI/PR室温热导率缓慢增加且均小于0.07 W/(m·K),但其力学性能显著得到增强且Z向压缩强度最高达20.8 MPa。当RMI/PR经过1000℃、300 s的静态加热后,其背温从277℃降低至244℃;当RMI/PR经过2000℃、30 s的氧-乙炔烧蚀后,其线烧蚀率从0.200 mm/s降低至0.081 mm/s,表明树脂浓度的增加能够显著提升复合材料的高温隔热和抗烧蚀性能。
With the rapid development of China's domestic space engineering,the harsher requirements are put forward for lightweight,dimensional stability,thermal protection efficiency and long service capability of the thermal protection system.Rigid nanoporous phenolic resin-based RMI/PR composites are prepared via a sol-gel polymerization and ambient-pressure gradient drying using rigid mullite ceramic tile(RMI)as the reinforcement and hybrid phenolic resin(PR)as matrix.The effects of resin concentration on the microstructure,mechanical properties,thermal insulation properties and ablative properties of the composites are systematically studied.The results show that RMI has obvious transverse isotropy,and the room-temperature thermal conductivity in the Z direction is 0.036 W/(m?K).With the increase of the resin concentration from 15wt%to 45wt%,the density of RMI/PR increases from 0.52 g/cm^(3)to 0.85 g/cm^(3),and the most probable pore size of the resin matrix decreases sharply from 2081 nm to 32 nm.With the increase of resin concentration,the room-temperature thermal conductivity of RMI/PR increases slowly and all of them are less than 0.07 W/(m?K),but its mechanical properties are significantly enhanced and the maximum compressive strength in the Z direction of composites is up to 20.8 MPa.After static heat insulation test at 1000℃for 300 s,the backside temperature of composites decreases from 277℃to 240℃.Under the oxy-acetylene ablation at 2000℃for 30 s,the linear ablation rate of the composites is reduced from 0.200 mm/s to 0.081 mm/s,indicating that the increase of resin concentration can significantly improve the high-temperature thermal insulation properties and ablation resistance of the composites.