文献类型：期刊文献

英文题名：Particulate emissions from different types of biomass burning

作者：Zhang, Yanyan[1,2];Obrist, Daniel[2];Zielinska, Barbara[2];Gertler, Alan[2]

机构：[1]E China Univ Sci & Technol, Shanghai 200237, Peoples R China;[2]Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA

年份：2013

卷号：72

起止页码：27

外文期刊名：ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT

收录：;EI(收录号：20131316150687);WOS:【SCI-EXPANDED(收录号:WOS:000318262000004)】；

基金：This research was supported by the Southern Nevada Public Land Management Act (SNPLMA Round 10). The authors thank the Lake Tahoe Basin Management Unit of the United States Forest Service for the field survey assistance. We thank Davis Zhu and Mark McDaniel from the Desert Research Institute and Tiffany van Huysen for the sampling assistance in the field.

语种：英文

外文关键词：Biomass burning; Particulate emissions; Carbon emissions; Polar organic compounds; Soluble potassium; Mercury

摘要：Biomass burning is a significant emission source of PM2.5(i.e., particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 mu m), but few studies addressed the chemical composition of PM2.5 emissions from various types of fires. Here, we present results from a sampling campaign to quantify PM2.5 emissions from various types of prescribed burning activities using analysis of carbon (elemental carbon: EC; organic carbon: OC; and total carbon: TC); polar organic compounds (12 different compounds and four functional classes); water-soluble potassium (K+); and particle-bound mercury (PHg). Emissions were characterized for a series of prescribed burns in the Lake Tahoe basin in the western United States, along with controlled biomass combustion in a wood stove. In the field, emissions were collected from: (i) landscape underbums, consisting of wooden tissues, foliage, branches, and surface duff; (ii) pile burns, consisting mainly of wooden tissues stacked up to piles; (iii) mixed underburn/pile burns which consisted of a mix of the above; in a wood stove, burns included different fuel types collected from the Lake Tahoe basin, specifically (iv) wooden logs mainly of pine; (v) green foliage and branches from two dominant shrubs (manzanita and bitterbrush); and (vi) surface duff, mostly consisting of pine needle litter. Our data showed higher ratios of organic to elemental carbon in green fuels (19.2 +/- 4.2) compared to dry, wooden logs (7.3 +/- 1.9) both in prescribed burns in the field and in controlled stove combustion, indicating that more moisture in green biomass resulted in more smoldering-phase combustion. Further, OC/EC ratios were lower in wood stove burns compared to prescribed burns in the field, which we attribute to higher combustion temperatures in wood stove burns. The suite of 12 select polar organic compounds showed that the most prevalent compounds emitted across all burns were levoglucosan, mannosan, and resin acids (dehydroabietic, pimaric, and abietic acids), while emissions of inositols and arabitols were only significant in combustion of leaves from a broadleaf shrub indicating their potential use as tracers for green foliage. Water-soluble K+, a common tracer for biomass combustion, showed a clear difference between field understory burns (low K+) and wooden pile burns (nearly 5 times higher), suggesting that K+ can potentially be used for differentiating between different prescribed burning types. Finally, PHg emissions were lowest in green vegetation and underburns emissions, which was unexpected due to inherently higher Hg levels in green foliage and surface duff. Using multiple tracers (i.e., soluble potassium, carbon and mercury) allowed to separate emissions between prescribed burning, controlled stove burning, and ambient air which includes residential wood combustion. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.